Archive for 2010

Why First Grade Reading Is Not Las Vegas

Sunday, April 18th, 2010

Diana Sharp

Dr. Diana Sharp served as the reading consultant for ItzaBitza and ItzaZoo. Her website is www.dianasharp.com.

Unlike the Las Vegas slogan, what happens in first grade doesn’t stay in first grade.

Reading in First Grade Mattersimage!

A first grader who is frustrated by reading and ends the year with reading failure has an 88%  chance of being a poor reader at the end of fourth grade (Juel, 1988, http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=buy.optionToBuy&id=1989-17189-001&CFID=3005197&CFTOKEN=31484648).

Reading failure in first grade matters – a lot. And researchers at the University of Maryland are helping us to understand just how deep the effects on reading motivation could be four years later.

No Motivation to Read at Home? You Might Have a Low Achieving Reader

In a study published last year (Guthrie, Coddington, & Wigfield, 2009, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2786079/?tool=pubmed), researchers interviewed 245 fifth grade students about their reading motivation. They used questions like:

How often do you think, “I don’t want to read this”?image

Do you read as little as possible?

Can you figure out hard words when reading?

Can you recognize words easily when you read?

Do you like it when books make you think?

Do you enjoy reading interesting books even if they are hard?

Do you try to get out of reading books for school?

They also looked at children’s scores on several different types of reading skill tests. And they found that the reading scores could best be predicted by looking at the amount of positive image attitudes children had about reading and the amount of negative, or “undermining” attitudes children had developed about reading and about themselves as readers. The lowest achieving readers saw little reason to enjoy reading at home, so they never chose to do it when given a choice. They had low levels of “positive, intrinsic motivation.”

But there was more: these children also actively avoided reading, even in school where they didn’t have the freedom to choose other activities. They had high levels of “negative, undermining motivation.”

There is NO Quick Fix to Reading Problems

That’s why it’s not so simple to “fix” reading problems as children get older. You can’t just give children practice on the skills they need and then find books about things they’re interested in and think that everything is going to be OK. These children likely have developed “undermining” attitudes and habits of avoiding reading that need to be addressed or they’ll continue to avoid reading – often by “faking” reading – and never get the amount of reading practice they need. With luck, future research will help us better understand how to turn that kind of avoidance around.

Early Success in Reading is Critical

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For now, the message is clear: it’s really important to keep children from developing those avoidance attitudes in the first place. Let’s give them as many experiences of being successful in reading – and enjoying reading – as we can. And especially if you see your early reader start to actively avoid books, don’t give up: try the kind of failure-proof support and fun that the Itza reading games offer to nip those undermining attitudes in the bud.

        

Reading Games are a Great Way to Experience Reading

Monday, April 12th, 2010

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Move over GPA, Allow for Experience Points

While I won’t go so far as shouting “WE SHOULD ABOLISH THE GPA AND GO WITH EXPERIENCE POINTS” we should at least consider how to intertwine the two into a lifelong love of learning.

Feel the Power of Leveling Up

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Most video and computer games reward the player with Experience Points when they complete in-game activities. As the player gains Experience Points, they start unlocking new levels. New levels present a tad more difficult challenges for the player to overcome. The player rises to the challenge, feeling the power that comes from conquering whatever challenge the game puts in front of them.

ItzaBitza and ItzaZoo use Star Challenges

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Not all games refer to an increase in skill as Experience Points. For example, in ItzaBitza and ItzaZoo your child earn stars for doing an activity asked of them within the Star Challenge text they read. Eventually they earn enough stars to unlock playsets. While some star challenges can be earned with little to no reading, the skill focused on during Star Challenges is reading comprehension. A very important skill for our children to have! As your child unlocks new levels, the star challenges get more difficult mostly in advancing the reading level. ItzaBitza and ItzaZoo include three reading levels that were defined by our reading specialist, Dr. Diana Sharp.

You Have 5,000 Reading Experience Points and a B in Reading

If we must have our report cards that separate the A’s from the C’s, we should also consider supplementing our formal learning with popular informal learning activities – like gaining Experience Points. Just one of the many things game designers naturally do that we should consider embracing in other skills besides shooting zombies and harvesting plants.

        

Think outside – and inside – the book

Saturday, March 27th, 2010

image Dr. Diana Sharp served as the reading consultant for ItzaBitza and ItzaZoo. Her website is www.dianasharp.com.

Dear Dr. Sharp:

My son’s first grade teacher has been teaching phonics, and he can sound-out words. But he’s very reluctant to go the next step and read sentences, saying it’s “too hard.” I get the easiest books I can find at the library for our reading time, but he thinks they’re boring, and he keeps asking to go back to our “regular” books – the ones where I read to him. What should I do?

Congratulation!  Keep Reading to your Child

The first thing is to congratulate yourself for getting your son off to a great start. He loves  being read to, and that’s terrific! Give yourself a gold star.

Next, be glad that he knows how to sound-out words using phonics. Research shows that good readers look carefully at all the letters in a word and match them to sounds, while poor readers tend to look just at the first letter – or first and last letter of a word – and “guess” the word. Give your son’s teacher a gold star.

Reading Sentences is HARD

image But the biggest gold star goes to you for recognizing that “Houston, we have a problem.” Knowing how to sound-out words is just the beginning, and it’s super-important that your son get over his reluctance to read. Why? Because the best thing a child can do to become a good reader is — read! Not do worksheets, not play word games, but read.

And your son is completely right – there’s a big difference between reading a single word and reading sentences. It’s hard work, and he’s perfectly sensible to expect a payoff for it. Unfortunately, he doesn’t think those easy-reader books provide that payoff. Some kids love them, and that’s great – those books will be their pathway into reading from the word “go” (or sometimes the words “Go dog Go”).

But other kids need a different first path: one with a different payoff that convinces them the work is worth it. Good teachers understand this, and so do researchers – well, some of them. A big-deal research report came out in 2000, by the National Reading Panel. http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/nrp/report.cfm

Getting Kids to Want to Read

It spent a great many pages on the benefits of phonics – and I agree with the value of phonics skill. But buried in the back of the report was this sentence, which I wish had gotten as much press as the phonics part:

The teacher’s job is to create or allow situations where children want to read and are willing to work hard at it.

BINGO! This is the missing piece for too many readers! They never see enough payoff, so they just read the minimum time with the minimum effort they can get away with, and that’s not enough.

OK, now to your question – what exactly should you, the parent, do at this point? Keep in mind my advice in an earlier blog entry about using children’s interests to increase the payoff for easy books. But also:

Think outside the bookimage

What kinds of short, easy sentences could entice your son into reading? It’s OK to be   sneaky here. Try the little trick of Treasure Hunt clues. Think of things your son wants – and hide  them. When he comes home from school, say “Guess what! I made your favorite chocolate-chip cookies! But you have to find your snack, and here’s your clue.” Then hand him a message with a very simple sentence like “It is on a bed.” Help him sound out any word he needs help with. (Word of warning from experience: Make sure you don’t have a chocoholic dog in the house who might find the snack first.)

Use clues like these often, repeat words often, make the whole thing fun, and gradually expand the length of clues and difficulty of the words.

At the same time:

Think inside the book

As you’re reading those “regular” read-aloud books that your son loves, keep an eye out for simple phrases and sentences that he should be able to read with just a tiny bit of help, especially if these phrases or sentences occur at exciting moments in the story – or, for non-fiction, next to really cool pictures. Be sensitive to just how often you can ask him to do this work and still have your reading time be something he loves. Maybe it’s just once at first. Gradually expand as you go.

Think inside the game

And try ItzaBitza or ItzaZoo. It’s a dastardly sneaky way to entice children into the hard work of reading, because it’s just so darn fun. It gradually expands what it asks kids to read, and it always makes it easy to get help. It’s another pathway into reading that’s outside the book. And it might be just what your son needs to get over his aversion to sentences, build confidence, and be a better reader, so you can help him get inside books he truly loves.

        

Bringing Books to Life (or Why I Ate Cricket Cookies)

Monday, March 8th, 2010

image Dr. Diana Sharp served as the reading consultant for ItzaBitza. Her website is www.dianasharp.com.

Dear Dr. Sharp:

In your last posting, you described your #1 piece of advice for preschool parents who want their kids to love reading. What’s your #2 suggestion?

My next suggestion is: “Do the opposite of Advice #1.”

OK, let me explain. In my last posting, I talked about using children’s sparks of interest in the world as the starting point for connecting them to books:

“If a child gets interested in a bug on the porch, or a puppy next door, or drawing rockets in ItzaBitza, say things like ‘That is SO COOL! We have GOT to get some books about (bugs/puppies/rockets)!’ “

But you can also make this world-and-books connection by starting at the opposite point: books. Don’t just pick out books for your children based on their interests. Mix it up! Grab a random bagful of books at the library and see what you get. If you see your child show a spark of interest in something in the book: bring it to life. Go out into the world and see/do/smell/taste what you read about together.

sketchy_reading right side There is something inherently powerful about seeing something from a page – or screen – become real. Look at how enchanted children become when they see that miracle happen with their drawings on ItzaBitza or ItzaZoo. Carry that same enchantment into your children’s relationship with books, even before they learn to read on their own.

The year before my daughter went to kindergarten, I started reading her the E.B. White novel, Trumpet of the Swan. I chose it because it was a book I had loved. (Never assume there is only one “right” way to choose a book!) Part of the adventure takes place in the Boston Public Garden, where they have boats shaped like swans. By coincidence, while we were reading the book, my cousin invited my daughter to be the flower girl at his wedding – in Boston.

“Oh!” I said to my daughter. “We have GOT to ride the swan boats! Just like in the book!”

And we did. What we read about in the book became real in the world, in our lives. It was a lovely thing…

…unlike the book-world connection proposed by my daughter a short time later. We were reading a book about unusual foods that people eat. Including insects. There was even an Internet link to recipes.

“Oh!” my daughter said. “We have GOT to make chocolate chip cricket cookies! Just like in the book!”

This was not the kind of sweet follow-up to the swan boat adventure that I had imagined. But she was so excited. I called a friend of mine who was always up forcricket unusual entertainment options for her preschool twin boys, and always quick to recognize the potential for a good story. She jumped – like a cricket – at the idea. (Everyone needs a friend like that.)

The next day we were at the pet store, buying live crickets. The cashier smiled at my daughter. “And what kind of pet are you feeding with these, dear?” My daughter happily explained the crickets’ purpose, while I pretended to search for something in my purse.

We read additional information on the Internet about how to prepare the dry-roasted crickets before adding them to the cookie batter. Apparently crickets develop a nasty taste if they die before being roasted, so you have to put them in the fridge until they are in a kind of stupor. Then you place the zombie crickets on a cookie sheet and – feeling like the witch in Hansel and Gretel – pop them in the oven.

It’s very macabre. The children were utterly delighted with the entire process. The cookies had a slightly nutty flavor. The worst part for me was having a roasted cricket leg get stuck between my teeth.

It’s all for a good cause, I kept telling myself. Later that year when my daughter went to kindergarten, she shared the experience one day at circle time. I heard that the other children were fascinated. “I told them we got the idea from a book!” my daughter said.

Reading can matter to your children, especially if you sometimes bring books to life. What could make a trip to the library more exciting than knowing it just might lead to a real life adventure?

How much did experiences like these help my daughter – now 13 – love books? I can’t answer that. I do know she loves them, and when I ask her what she remembers about being a flower girl in Boston, she says, “Not much. Except the swan boats.”

Now, if you want a cricket cookie recipe, here’s one from the Iowa State University Entomology Club:

http://www.ent.iastate.edu/misc/insectsasfood/chirpie.html

Or you could ask Rachel Ray.

Boom-di-yada, boom-di-yada!

        

How to Convince Kids to Read in Their Free Time

Saturday, February 27th, 2010

Dear Dr. Sharp:

image Aren’t you afraid that between video games, social networking, and virtual worlds, there’s no way today for books to compete? Even when software like ItzaBitza and ItzaZoo help kids learn to read, how in the world can anyone convince kids to choose reading – just plain old book reading – in their free time?

Link the Glories of the World to Books

This is a great question. An easy answer would be, “Ask J. K. Rowling,” but I think there are lots of other ways to draw kids to books, especially when they’re too young for Hogwarts drama. I’ve previously written that one way to get reluctant readers to read is to tie books to their personal interests. But please don’t wait until kids are at reading age to start building those interests and linking them to books. I recently gave a talk to mothers of preschoolers, and the number one on my list of tips for raising preschoolers to become readers was… Boom-di-yada.

Have you seen the Boom-di-yada ad for Discovery Channel?

That’s it! Get kids passionately interested in the world, and books will become a way for them to spend time with what they love. They won’t be able to resist.

The “Fun-to-Work” Ratio

You see, one secret to what people choose to do in their free time is something called “the fun-to-work ratio.” (All you have to know math-wise is that a ratio is like a fraction and it works like this: the overall ratio is a “big” number when the number on top is big and the number on the bottom is small. So 800/5 is a much bigger number than 2/9. In the case of the fun-to-work ratio, “fun” is on the top of the fraction and “work” is on the bottom. The bigger the overall number, the bigger the overall fun.)

image This explains why something like “whitewater rafting” and “watching TV” are both referred to as “fun.” In the case of whitewater rafting, there’s a lot of work involved, but the thrills add a l ot of fun, so the fun-to-work ratio could be something like 30,000 (fun)/200 (work). Still a big overall number. In the case of TV, the overall number is big, but it’s not because the amount of fun is so high. It’s because the amount of work required is incredibly small. So the fun-to-work ratio for TV might be something like 2 (fun)/.05 (work). Still a big number overall.

Rethinking Reading Practice

With ItzaBitza and ItzaZoo, the designers not only made the drawing part super-fun with Living Ink, they also made the reading part easier with the universal word help and leveling-up that comes with grasping the meaning of a sentence to what the children draw. The result is a really big fun-to-work ratio, even for reluctant or beginning readers, because the fun part is high AND the work part is low enough to avoid frustration. So kids will choose it on their own when they want to have fun.

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Got Books?image

To get kids to also choose books in their free time, you have to make sure the fun-to-work ratio  is also high for books. The “work” in reading a regular book is going to be higher than videogames or TV – so you’ve got to increase the fun part of the ratio. And one way to do that is to help kids passionately love something and then tie to books to it. If books become a way for kids to spend time with something they’re crazy about, then the “fun” part of the ratio will outweigh the “work” part and kids will choose books – because, hey, they’re fun!

The World Ignites a Love of Reading

That’s why I tell parents of preschoolers they can’t separate getting kids interested in the world and getting them interested in books. Doing one will naturally increase the other, and you can start getting kids passionately interested in the world long before they’re ready to read. If you thought there’s nothing kids find more interesting than Barney or Mario, you’re wrong: the real world is way cooler, especially if you start helping kids admire it when they’re young. All you have to do is look for sparks of interest. Then do everything in your power to fan those sparks. Start as soon as you can to fill your day with Boom-di-yada book-talk. If a child gets interested in a bug on the porch, or a puppy next door, or drawing rockets on ItzaBitza, say things like “That is SO COOL! We have GOT to get some books about (bugs/puppies/rockets)!”

WE HAVE TECHNOLOGY!

This is also another perfect example of how technology doesn’t have to be the enemy of print. image When your child asks something like “Do owls have eyelashes?” or “What sound do hippos make?” you can often look something up on-line, maybe find a video, and talk about it, right when their interest is hot. Use the Internet as an intermediate interest-builder that always ends with the “Awesome! We’ve GOT to get some books about that!” line. Then when you get to the real treasure trove – the library – get the librarian’s help to bring home a wealth of books (fiction and non-fiction) about owls or hippos or whatever. Your preschooler will see that books are a fantastic way to further explore what THEY are curious about, and what THEY find awesome about the world. The books, in turn, will further fuel their passions, making it even more fun to spend time with similar books as they get older, even when they have to do the solo work of reading.

#1 Tip for Children to be Book Lovers

So there you have it: my number-one tip to parents who want their preschoolers to grow up to be book lovers is “Start now to build passionate interests.” It’s a great way to give a high fun-to-work ratio to reading, and it will be your secret weapon to raising kids who love books. Boom-di-yada, Boom-di-yada!

 

        

13 Benefits of Installing Good Reading Habits in Your Child

Friday, February 12th, 2010

childrens reading games We all remember the crusty octogenarian librarian of our youth, hunched over our upturned childish faces, peering down from ancient eyeglasses as she extolled the benefits of reading. As she droned on and on about some dude named Dewey Decimal and the dusty standardized tests of the distant future, your eight-year-old eyes drifted to the sun shining outside, and you prayed with all you might for boisterous recess and the moment you could get out of this musty book mausoleum.
Now however, you’re a parent, and you want to help your children enjoy reading, Luckily, there are benefits to reading beyond being the Scholastic pizza parties of your youth, from fun new reading games to increased self-esteem. So if you’re struggling to turn your wriggling youngster onto the joys of the written word, here are some awesome benefits of reading for a little incentive.

13) Reading helps you cope with stress and anxiety

Reading provides positive escapism from the real world, which can help detract from the stress of daily life. Remember, kids have stress too, and they need their own heroes, villains, and fantastical creatures to help them take their mind off the present. Young or old, there’s nothing like a good afternoon of peaceful page-turning to make you feel relaxed and at ease.

12) Reading helps boost vocabulary

Certainly you can learn vocabulary words through conversation, but reading is definitely a helpful supplement. Young readers will remember the classic moment when Ramona Quimby, literary heroine, walks up to her sister Beezus and comments on the “Dawnzer…which is glowing a lee light.” Her tragic butchering of “The dawn’s early light” of course sends Beezus into hysterics, and causes her little sister Ramona to become mortified with shame. Help your little reader master correct pronunciation and word mechanics through reading the words on a page, so they get the proper use of vocabulary and avoid embarrassing tongue-slips in the future.

11)Reading teaches tolerance

Reading is often one of the first fundamental building blocks that teach kids about a life unlike their own. In fact, those are often the books most popular with children! Whether they deal directly with stories of race and gender, like Huck Finn, or simply chronicle an unusual or zany lifestyle, like Eloise, who lived in a hotel, books teach kids to imagine a life beyond their own and embrace a more accepting, curious worldview.

10) Reading teaches morals

While other mediums such as songs and videos certainly can teach morals, many children’s book go above and beyond to meet this ideal in imaginative and impressive ways. For example, there are few morality tales as stark as the fairytales of youth, which teach against greed, laziness, talking to strangers and more. The beauty of these tales is that they are as lively and imaginative as they are moral, so they provide perfect pneumatic devices for playful young minds.

9) Reading helps children become engaged learners, rather than passive learners

Books force kids to use their imagination to paint the picture, rather than having it passively communicated to them through the picture on a television screen. This helps kids get the wheels turning in their minds, imagining scrappy heroines, honey-loving bears and mustache-twirling villains. Once you see those little foreheads scrunch, or watch your children stare dreamily into the distance while twirling their soup at dinner, you’ll know they’ve been bitten by the reading bug.

8 ) Is there anything more bonding than a bedtime story?

Reading together provides an unmatched magical experience between parent and child. After the bath and before the bed, you will always remember those cozy moments cuddled up together absorbed in a story. Whether you take turns reading together or you just read out loud, you will notice the change in your child as they go from sleepy reluctant listener to ramrod straight, suspicious book monitor who never fails to shout, “Mom, you skipped a page!” Oops, caught read-handed.

7) Reading is a good springboard for open conversation

Stories can be great conversation-starters. By casually asking your child how they felt about a particular character’s moral quagmire or quandary, you gain insight into your child’s character and circumstances, often more successfully than through direct probing. Use storytime as a catalyst to talk openly with your child, using magical tales to “break the spells” that are burdening your wee ones.

6) Reading enables you to become an expert Jeopardy contestant

Contrary to the blockbuster hit movie SlumDog Millionaire, you don’t have to be a slumdog from Mumbai to be a competent trivia player-although that is an awesome story. By cracking open a book, a child’s mind naturally absorbs all sorts of little trivia and information, and the impact of the story helps ‘set’ those facts in the mind, making them easier to remember later-like when there’s $20,000 riding on knowing that Myanmar was formerly Burma (thank Amy Tan, Saving Fish from Drowning.) And in the mean time, your young’un can smugly regale their siblings with their random bits of knowledge, until such time as they can be sold, err entered, into trivia shows and pay you back for all those Harry Potter hardbacks.

5) Reading provides kids protection and autonomy

It’s an unfortunate fact that people aren’t as respectful to the personal space and polite barriers of children as they are with adults. As such kids are often the unfortunate victim of the yammering grandma on the bus or the well-meaning receptionist at the dentist office. By opening a book, kids finally have a way to politely but clearly shut the door of communication and disappear into their own private world at will. Reading gives them a way to filter communication with the same dignity and sense of personal choice adults enjoy.

4) Reading can get you a date

Not that you are ready for your little ones to find a mate, but when they do, wouldn’t it be cool if they met through mutual imaginary literary friends? Thanks to Penguin Dating http://penguin.match.com/matchuk/cp.aspx?cpp=en-uk/landing/penguin/index.html service, you can now get matched up via reading preferences, so you will never again date someone who prefers Brothers K the David James Duncan version when you are Brothers K Dostoevsky fan. This is of course the reading equivalent of irreconcilable differences. Rather than preparing your children for a future of smoky bars and awkward blind dates, set your little one up to find their future bookend by inspiring a voracious love of reading early on.

3) Indulge your child’s inner elephant

Most kids have a mind like a steel trap, displaying an eerie propensity for memorizing everything from commercial jingles to the exact time and date you accidentally let a four-letter word slip in the car. As such, the idea of being able to expand their memories will certainly appeal to them. This is where reading comes in. According to scientists http://www.oprah.com/article/omagazine/200806_omag_reading
, reading is more neurobiologically demanding than processing images or speech. As you’re absorbing, say, this article, “parts of the brain that have evolved for other functions—such as vision, language, and associative learning—connect in a specific neural circuit for reading, which is very challenging,” says Ken Pugh, PhD, president and director of research of Haskins Laboratories, which is devoted to the science of language and affiliated with Yale. “A sentence is shorthand for a lot of information that must be inferred by the brain.” In general, your intelligence is called to action, as is greater concentration.” In a nutshell, reading takes a lot more brain-scrunching than your average image-processing, resulting in better memory and cognitive skills.
So to indulge your child’s inner elephant, be sure to make time for regular intervals of reading!

2) Reading can help you lose weight

I know what you are thinking. How can becoming a lazy latte-slurping bookworm possibly help you lose weight? Well according to a study http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1847340,00.html at Duke University, 31 overweight girls who read the book Lake Rescue http://www.amazon.com/Lake-Rescue-Beacon-Street-Girls/dp/0975851136, a motivational story with themes of a girl conquering her obesity problem, lost more weight than girls who read another book. This ties back to issues of self-esteem and confidence, which good reading skills consequently instill.
Certainly, if a child sits around reading and never goes out and exercises, they probably won’t lose weight. But if an inspiring book provides a tactful way to encourage your child on a very sensitive subject, get thee to a Barnes and Noble!

1)There’s more than one way to learn to spell “cat”

Best of all, there are so many new modern ways to learn to read, kids can find a way that feels “cool” and inspiring to them. If they fear burying their nose in a book at recess will cause them to lose playground cred, there are plenty of cool new online reading games http://SabiGames.com to help them learn to read in style. Best of all, many of these games incite the same sort of imagination, memory, and self-esteem boosting as the best children’s book. And unlike books, some of these reading games offer endless replay value, no dogeared pages needed. For a playful, paper-cut-free way to help your child learn to read, consider new reading games to help instill a lifelong love of reading in your child.

        

After ItzaZoo Reading Practice – Enjoy Cocoa’s New iPhone Game

Monday, February 8th, 2010

Houston We Have Ape-roblem: Space Chimp Claims Moon

CocoaNaut – a fun iPhone game from Sabi

image Cocoa – the loveable monkey from ItzaZoo – enjoyed the hammock activity so much, he got an idea for an iPhone game. The team got excited by Cocoa’s initiative and created his game for the iPhone. “Wait” I said to Cocoa “How does this rethink reading practice?” Cocoa then communicated through his funny dance “pure fun for all ages.”

Kirkland, WA – NASA has confirmed what several prominent amateur astronomers have been buzzing about in recent days: a monkey has successfully landed on the moon, without any help from humans. “It’s true. It appears the monkey propelled himself to the moon using nothing more than an iPhone to navigate the Earth’s atmosphere,” said NASA spokesperson Tom Duncan. The stunning development put into question what, exactly, NASA has been spending its money on since the late 1960’s. “Um…lock…box,” stammered someone that looked important at NASA. Scientists and military officials have been tracing the flight of the monkey via a computerized simulation. In an effort to study future monkey flights, officials are encouraging the public at large to download the flight simulation which is available at http://tinyurl.com/yf2pegw

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For Number Lovers: The Case for Reading

Tuesday, February 2nd, 2010

Dr. Sharp has been a key member of the team since we started our passionate journey back at Microsoft to rethink reading practice. Besides being a wonderful human being, she has a very deep knowledge and background on young children’s reading. Dr. Sharp is also an excellent author. We have learned so much from her that we wanted to share her thoughts with you. Dr. Sharp’s website is http://www.dianasharp.com.

Dear Dr. Sharp:

It makes sense that helping kids to love reading should be a priority in every child’s home. But what research supports it?

Great question. Doing research in this area isn’t quite as straightforward as, say, research on a new drug. You can’t take a group of kids, randomly assign half of them to swallow “reading love,” and then give the other kids a sugar pill and see what happens. Fortunately education researchers can be quite devious – I mean, clever – and I’m convinced the case has been made. Here are my top-ten favorite numbers from research, what they can tell us about kids and reading, and why everyone involved with ItzaBitza is so passionate about finding new ways to foster reading love.

#1

You can’t talk about the effects of reading without talking about vocabulary. And research shows that vocabulary is hands-down the most consistent #1 predictor of academic achievement.

50%

There are 50 percent more rare words in children’s books than in adult prime-time TV – or in the conversation of college graduates. Kids who spend more time with books spend more time with more words.

1,000 vs. 24 hours

Children in highly literate homes can hear well over 1,000 hours of read-aloud books in their first six years. Children from homes with infrequent storybook reading can come to first grade hearing less than 24 hours of reading at home in their first six years. When you think about what that means for vocabulary learning in particular and cognitive development in general, it’s plain scary. I loved hearing about a new effort in Toledo, Ohio, to assign individual volunteer readers to children living in low-literacy households.

http://toledoblade.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090615/NEWS16/906150323/0/NEWS08

If you live there, please sign up!

45 million versus 13 million

By the age of four, an average child in a professional family has heard 45 million words, and an average child in a welfare family has heard 13 million. That’s a difference of hearing 32 million words. The best – and maybe only – way to make up for that difference in experience with words is through becoming a voracious reader.

577

This is the number of Maryland fourth graders who were part of a study that looked at test scores on the NAEP (National Assessment of Educational Progress). Researchers found that low-privileged kids – those with low family incomes and low mother-education levels – who read a lot outscored significantly high-privileged kids who didn’t read a lot. This is great news! Those huge early differences in experiences with words can be overcome if kids love reading enough to read, read, read.

0

This is the number of other studies I’ve seen where researchers have discovered anything else that results in low-privileged kids outscoring high-privileged kids on national skills assessments. Zero. Zip. Nada. It may be out there, but I haven’t seen it. Reading is that powerful.

4

OK, this is a bit of a cheat, but “four” is the number of tests used in another one of my favorite studies. Fourth through sixth graders who read a lot significantly outscored non-avid readers (with the same decoding ability) on these four separate tests: word knowledge, verbal fluency, vocabulary, and general information. The two groups scored the same on tests of non-verbal intelligence, decoding, and spelling, which strongly suggests they had the same basic abilities to read – it was the amount of reading they did that mattered. As the researchers put it, “Reading makes you smarter.”

2 days vs. 1 year

By fifth grade, kids who read “a lot” in their own free time – that is, they’re in the 90th percentile in terms of how much they read – are reading as much in two days as other fifth grade kids read in an entire year. Which group of kids do you want yours to be in?

10 to 50 million

The range in the number of words read by middle school students each year is from 100,000 for an unmotivated reader to somewhere between 10 and 50 million for the kids who read the most. Need I repeat, vocabulary is the #1 predictor of student achievement.

4 – 6

A highly respected group of researchers recently came out with the recommendation that kindergarten children should read or have read to them at least four to six books a day. No wonder!

        

How our Reading Games Level Up a Player’s Reading Skill

Tuesday, January 26th, 2010

image

Our games “level up” to three reading levels.  The reading levels were identified by our reading specialist – Dr. Diana Sharp.

A way to support the strengths of beginning readers, and simultaneously prevent frustration, is to offer them text that matches their skill level in terms of how much mental work it takes to translate the print into meaning.We have identified three reading levels of text.Our goal is that children who begin with the skills needed to read Level 1 text will move through the game, gaining the skills and confidence to read at higher levels. Our definitions of these text levels are in the table below:

Key Features

Sentence Forms

Book Forms

Example Trade Books

Level 1

Lots of repeated words and/or phrases, but the text is not completely predictable or “guessable.” Even at this simple level, the text has ties to universal themes that provide interest and resonance.

Very short sentences. Most words one or two syllables.

Example:

Please draw me a house.

Most pages with only one to three lines on the page.

Biscuit, by Alyssa Cappucilli

Tiny the Snow Dog, by Cari Meister

Level 2

More story-like or expository language, without overly obvious repetition.

Longer sentences than at Level 1, but usually only one clause.

Most words still have one or two syllables.

As often as possible, sentences begin with an easy or familiar word, with less familiar and more difficult words placed later in the sentence.

Example: They were looking for wild horses.

Still only one to three short lines per page.

Chester, by Syd Hoff

Level 3

Much larger variety of words. Much more text on the page.

Include interesting multi-syllable words (e.g., “wonderful,” “beautiful.” “underwear”).

Example: Winter may be beautiful, but bed is much better.

Often more than three lines on the page, but lines of text are still short.

Frog and Toad Are Friends, by Arnold Lobel

I’ve seen a few kids grow big grins as they are able to read sentences. It is an amazing feeling! I know this won’t happen to all the kids. But when it does happen, the joy is indescribable. It is our hope that ItzaBitza and ItzaZoo can be a part of a child’s reading choices. A choice that once played, just might provide the motivation for your child to want to read books!

        

Sometimes, A Banana Is Just A House – What’s Unique About our Drawing and Reading Games

Wednesday, January 13th, 2010

Living Ink Teaches Computers how Kids Draw

Written by Margaret Johnson and Ian Lurie

When we started writing this article it turned into a dry, biographical piece: “Developers Thomas Steinke and Duncan knew they faced a challenge…” blah blah blah.That can’t do Sabi Games’ Living Ink technology justice. Instead, let’s put it this way: If SkyNet becomes self-aware, blame Living Ink. ‘Cause we’ve never seen a computer come this close to the kind of contextual thinking normally reserved for us hairless apes. Living Ink drives Sabi Games’ first drawing – meets – reading game, ItzaBitza. In it, children follow instructions written on the screen. They draw shapes, like this:

Living Ink - kids drawing game

Then the game asks questions like “Where’s the door?”, and you answer. That’s all well and good, but what happens if, instead of a house, you draw a banana? “Can you draw a house” OK, we’re not artists – all the better from our perspective – but it’s vaguely banana-shaped.

Living Ink - kids drawing game

“Where’s the door?” we draw our best imitation of a door, which ain’t much:

Living Ink - kids drawing game

And the game immediately turns our door into a door, and our windows into windows, complete with hinges:

Living Ink - kids drawing game

Waitaminute. How the heck did this drawing game know we meant to make a house out of a fruit? And a floppy fruit, at that? That’s the magic of Living Ink. The development team at Sabi Games has cooked up a game engine that actually interprets what you draw in context. So, if the game asks for a house, and you draw a shoe, the game assumes it’s a shoe-shaped house. Many have spent hours trying to fool the game by making the squirrel hole in the wrong part of a tree, or make the wrong part of my drawing turn into the sun. The drawing game even interpreted our sad, sad drawing of a tree, putting apples in the right place:

No joy. Living Ink matched every form of artistic insanity we could come up with. Other games are pretty clever. Crayon Physics is an amazing drawing game, and we’ve put in our share of time making stuff fall, roll, bump and bounce in its unique 2D universe. But it doesn’t actually know that a car is a car. It just knows that the box you drew is on top of two round things, and therefore rolls.

Living Ink goes one better, by actually understanding that a tree drawn with our total lack of artistic ability is nevertheless a tree, and not a toothpick that sneezed too hard!

Ian watched his daughter (six years old) playing ItzaBitza. She’s a good reader but gets bored quickly and often drifts off into some alternate universe reserved for six-year-old girls and their imaginary dogs (named Truffles, in this case). This game keeps her engaged and learning in ways Ian’s never seen before. The game asks for a house. Maybe she draws a house. Maybe she draws a big round thing instead. Then it asks for a door, and she draws a door, which may or may not be door-shaped. But both my daughter and the game ‘get it’ – the real goal is to understand what’s being asked of you, not to draw a house the way 99999 others have drawn it.

In that way, Living Ink and ItzaBitza go where our grammar school teachers never could, by measuring kids’ success not by their ability to faithfully reproduce a typical, generic house, but instead by their ability to interpret direction and think for themselves.

Duncan, Sabi’s Creative Director and Living Ink’s designer, said it best when Ian spoke with him about it: “We experimented with versions where the child could just draw anything and leave it be, but it wasn’t compelling. Children need some goals and rules, but also an opportunity to push back at them.”

This ‘soft’ intelligence means any drawing game driven by Living Ink is doubly compelling. Long after most reading games drive kids away, a Living Ink game keeps their attention. Kids can stretch the rules of the game to the utmost, using their imagination to be silly, creative or both.

If they can get us to stop playing, anyway.